Time Shifting

Collect Meter Data

A battery had the following activity derived from hourly meter data.

Consumed charging energy (MWh)	5,000
Injected discharging energy (MWh)	4,250
Round-trip efficiency	85%

Assess the Impact of Charging Activity

Using the GRF emissions source hierarchy, REsurety was chosen as the emissions data provider.

• Hours of charging

• Volume of Energy (MWh)

Hour	MWh	Average MER (tCO2/MWh)	Total Carbon Impact (tCO2)
1	0		0
2	0		0
3	0		0
4	0		0
5	0		0
6	200	0.15	30
7	1000	0.25	250
8	2000	0.2	400
9	1100	0.1	110
10	700	0.3	210
11	0		0
12	0		0
13	0		0
14	0		0
15	0		0
16	0		0
17	0		0
18	0		0
19	0		0
20	0		0
21	0		0
22	0		0
23	0		0
24	0		0

Average charging MER (tCO2/MWh)	0.20
Total charging carbon impact (tCO2)	1,000
Consumed charging energy (MWh)	5,000

Neutralize Charging Impact (Hourly-Matching)

GCs are retired to match hours of charging and sourced from the same balance authority, complying with the EnergyTag Standard.

Retired GCs	5000
Retired GC Average MER (tCO2/MWh)	0.18
Percent hourly-matched	100%
Carbon Impact of Retired GCs (tCO2)	-900
Remaining charging carbon impact (tCO2)	1,000 – 900 = 100
Percent emissions-matched	90%

Submit Project Data for Verification and GC Issuance

The GC registry verifies the meter data, emissions data, and retired GCs. Upon completion, a GC Matching Report will be created along with the issued GCs.

Average discharging MER (tCO2/MWh)	0.45
Gross discharge carbon impact (tCO2)	4,250 * 0.45 = -1,912.5
Adjusted discharge carbon impact (tCO2)	-1,912.5 + 100 = -1,812.5
Issued GCs	4,250
Issued GC Average MER (tCO2/MWh)	0.43

Contract Settlement

Settling the GC agreement using a predetermined carbon price.

Issued GCs Sales Revenue	$181,250
Retired GC Cost	-$90,000
Net Profit	$91,250

Carbon Accounting

This battery has converted 5,000 low-impact GCs into 4,250 high-impact GCs by shifting the hours of CFE generation. Adding a ‘virtual hybrid’ to low-impact PPAs will fill gaps in 24/7 PPAs.