Figure 1: Example Hybrid Solar Plus Storage Emissions and LME Profile
“Virtual Hybrid” (stand-alone storage)
This use case enables a corporate offtaker to sell GCs from an operational renewable PPA to a battery to neutralize charging activity. The battery operator then sells the issued GCs back to the same offtaker to enhance the offtaker’s carbon impact and capture the carbon arbitrage. This effectively increases the total avoided emissions, even considering the roundtrip efficiency losses.
Figure 2: Example “Virtual Hybrid” Solar Plus Storage Emissions and LME Profile
Table 1: Summary of Contract Structures
Approach
Source of GCs
Customer of GCs
Full Contract – Bilateral
“Virtual Hybrid”
Low-Impact GC Agreement with Corporate Buyer or Utility with an Operational Asset
High-Impact GC Agreement with the same party.
Full Contract – Trilateral
GC Agreement with Renewable Generator
Offtake GC Agreement with Corporate Buyer or Utility
Supplier Contract Only
GC Agreement with Renewable Generator
Sell high-impact GCs on Marketplace
Offtaker Contract Only
Buy low-impact GCs on Marketplace
Offtake GC Agreement with Corporate Buyer or Utility
